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1.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 962022 Oct 03.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36196560

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Knowing the risk status of malnutrition and sarcopenia in institutionalized patients is essential to understand the current context after the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS: This research used a retrospective, observational study. The results of the Remote Malnutrition APP test (R-MAPP) are described: risk factors for malnutrition (including COVID-19), the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) and the SARC-F, in a selected sample of 402 residents of Castilla-La Mancha (Spain) during 2021. An inferential analysis was performed to determine which factors were related to the MUST (≥2 points) and SARC-F (≥4 points) response measures. With the factors that obtained statistical significance, a multivariate regression model was performed, adjusting for each one. of those factors. RESULTS: Mean age was 84.2 years, 70.1% women. Most frequent risk factor for malnutrition was aging (85.1%). The mean body mass index was 26.5 (SD 11.6). MUST≥2 points was obtained in 16.2%, and a SARC-F≥4 in 69.9%. COPD (Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease / OR 0.35; 95% CI 0.13-0.92; p 0.03) was a protective factor against the risk of malnutrition. The risk of sarcopenia was related to aging (OR 8.16; 95% CI 4.13-16.20; p 0.00), COVID-19 (OR 1.96; 95% CI 1.17-3.29; p 0.01) and COPD (OR 2.44; 95% CI 1.21-4.89; p 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: No relationship is found between COVID-19 and high risk of malnutrition. Aging, COVID-19 and COPD are risk factors for sarcopenia.


OBJETIVO: Conocer el estado de riesgo de desnutrición y sarcopenia de las personas institucionalizadas es clave para entender el contexto actual tras la repercusión que ha tenido la pandemia por coronavirus (COVID-19). METODOS: Se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo. Se describen los resultados de la prueba Remote Malnutrition APP (R-MAPP): factores de riesgo de desnutrición (incluyendo la COVID-19), Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) y la SARC-F, en una muestra seleccionada de 402 residentes de Castilla-La Mancha (España) durante 2021. Se llevó a cabo un análisis inferencial para determinar qué factores tenían relación con las medidas de respuesta MUST (≥2 puntos) y SARC-F (≥4 puntos). Con los factores que obtuvieron significación estadística se realizó un modelo de regresión multivariante ajustando por cada uno de esos factores. RESULTADOS: La edad media fue de 84,2 años, con un 70,1% de mujeres. El factor de riesgo de desnutrición más frecuente fue el envejecimiento (85,1%). El Índice de Masa Corporal medio fue 26,5 (DE 11,6). Se obtuvo un MUST mayor o igual a 2 puntos en un 16,2%, y un SARC-F igual o mayor de 4 en el 69,9%. Se observó, como factor protector, la EPOC (enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica / OR 0,35; IC 95% 0,13-0,92; p 0,03) contra el riesgo de desnutrición. El riesgo de sarcopenia se relacionó con envejecimiento (OR 8,16; IC 95% 4,13-16,20; p 0,00), COVID-19 (OR 1,96; IC 95% 1,17-3,29; p 0,01) y EPOC (OR 2,44; IC 95% 1,21- 4,89; p 0,01). CONCLUSIONES: No se halla relación entre COVID-19 y riesgo alto de desnutrición. Envejecimiento, COVID-19 y EPOC son factores de riesgo de sarcopenia.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Desnutrição , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica , Sarcopenia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Feminino , Avaliação Geriátrica/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Desnutrição/complicações , Desnutrição/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sarcopenia/diagnóstico , Sarcopenia/epidemiologia , Espanha/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários
2.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 96: e202210075-e202210075, Oct. 2022. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-211623

RESUMO

FUNDAMENTOS: Conocer el estado de riesgo de desnutrición y sarcopenia de las personas institucionalizadas es clave para entender el contexto actual tras la repercusión que ha tenido la pandemia por coronavirus (COVID-19). MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo. Se describen los resultados de la prueba Remote Malnutrition APP (R-MAPP): factores de riesgo de desnutrición (incluyendo la COVID-19), Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) y la SARC-F, en una muestra seleccionada de 402 residentes de Castilla-La Mancha (España) durante 2021. Se llevó a cabo un análisis inferencial para determinar qué factores tenían relación con las medidas de respuesta MUST (≥2 puntos) y SARC-F (≥4 puntos). Con los factores que obtuvieron significación estadística se realizó un modelo de regresión multivariante ajustando por cada uno de esos factores. RESULTADOS: La edad media fue de 84,2 años, con un 70,1% de mujeres. El factor de riesgo de desnutrición más frecuente fue el envejecimiento (85,1%). El Índice de Masa Corporal medio fue 26,5 (DE 11,6). Se obtuvo un MUST mayor o igual a 2 puntos en un 16,2%, y un SARC-F igual o mayor de 4 en el 69,9%. Se observó, como factor protector, la EPOC (enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica / OR 0,35; IC 95% 0,13-0,92; p 0,03) contra el riesgo de desnutrición. El riesgo de sarcopenia se relacionó con envejecimiento (OR 8,16; IC 95% 4,13-16,20; p 0,00), COVID-19 (OR 1,96; IC 95% 1,17-3,29; p 0,01) y EPOC (OR 2,44; IC 95% 1,21- 4,89; p 0,01). CONCLUSIONES: No se halla relación entre COVID-19 y riesgo alto de desnutrición. Envejecimiento, COVID-19 y EPOC son factores de riesgo de sarcopenia.(AU)


BACKGROUND: Knowing the risk status of malnutrition and sarcopenia in institutionalized patients is essential to understand the current context after the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS: This research used a retrospective, observational study. The results of the Remote Malnutrition APP test (R-MAPP) are described: risk factors for malnutrition (including COVID-19), the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) and the SARC-F, in a selected sample of 402 residents of Castilla-La Mancha (Spain) during 2021. An inferential analysis was performed to determine which factors were related to the MUST (≥2 points) and SARC-F (≥4 points) response measures. With the factors that obtained statistical significance, a multivariate regression model was performed, adjusting for each one. of those factors. RESULTS: Mean age was 84.2 years, 70.1% women. Most frequent risk factor for malnutrition was aging (85.1%). The mean body mass index was 26.5 (SD 11.6). MUST≥2 points was obtained in 16.2%, and a SARC-F≥4 in 69.9%. COPD (Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease / OR 0.35; 95% CI 0.13-0.92; p 0.03) was a protective factor against the risk of maln utrition. The risk of sarcopenia was related to aging (OR 8.16; 95% CI 4.13-16.20; p 0.00), COVID-19 (OR 1.96; 95% CI 1.17-3.29; p 0.01) and COPD (OR 2.44; 95% CI 1.21-4.89; p 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: No relationship is found between COVID-19 and high risk of malnutrition. Aging, COVID-19 and COPD are risk factors for sarcopenia.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Desnutrição , Sarcopenia , Coronavírus Relacionado à Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave , Betacoronavirus , Infecções por Coronavirus , Pandemias , Índice de Massa Corporal , Envelhecimento , Saúde do Idoso Institucionalizado , População Institucionalizada , Espanha , Saúde Pública , Estudos Retrospectivos
3.
J Am Geriatr Soc ; 70(3): 650-658, 2022 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34894403

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: There is incomplete information regarding evolution of antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 after a two-dose strategy vaccination with BNT162b2 in older adults in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) with frailty, disability, or cognitive impairment. We aimed to determine IgG antibody titer loss in older adults in LTCFs. METHODS: This is a multicenter longitudinal cohort study including 127 residents (90 females and 37 males) with a mean age of 82.7 years (range 65-99) with different frailty and disability profiles in two LTCFs in Albacete, Spain. Residents received two doses of BNT162b2 as per label, and antibody levels were determined 1 and 6 months after the second dose. Age, sex, previous history of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), comorbidity (Charlson Index), performance in activities of daily living (Barthel Index), frailty (FRAIL instrument), and cognitive status were assessed. RESULTS: The mean antibody titers 1 and 6 months after the second vaccine dose were 32,145 AU/ml (SD 41,206) and 6182 AU/ml (SD 13,316), respectively. Across all participants, the median antibody titer loss measured 77.6% (interquartile range [IQR] 23.8%). Notably, the decline of titers in individuals with pre-vaccination COVID-19 infection was significantly lower than in those without a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection (72.2% vs. 85.3%; p < 0.001). The median titer decrease per follow-up day was 0.47% (IQR 0.14%) and only pre-vaccination COVID-19 was associated with lower rate of antibody decline at 6 months (hazard ratio 0.17; 95% confidence interval 0.07-0.41; p < 0.001). Frailty, disability, older age, cognitive impairment, or comorbidity were not associated with the extent of antibody loss. CONCLUSIONS: Older adults in LTCFs experience a rapid loss of antibodies over the first 6 months after the second dose of BNT162b2 vaccine. Only pre-vaccination COVID-19 is associated with a slower rate of antibody decrease. Our data support immunization with a third dose in this vulnerable, high-risk population.


Assuntos
Vacina BNT162/imunologia , COVID-19/imunologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Pessoas com Deficiência , Idoso Fragilizado , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Formação de Anticorpos , Vacina BNT162/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Casas de Saúde , SARS-CoV-2 , Espanha
4.
J Am Geriatr Soc ; 69(6): 1441-1447, 2021 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33768521

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The safety and immunogenicity of the BNT162b2 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine in older adults with different frailty and disability profiles have not been well determined. Our objective was to analyze immunogenicity of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in older adults across frailty and disability profiles. DESIGN: Multicenter longitudinal cohort study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: A total of 134 residents aged ≥65 years with different frailty and disability profiles in five long-term care facilities (LTCFs) in Albacete, Spain. INTERVENTION AND MEASUREMENTS: Residents were administered two vaccine doses as per the label, and antibody levels were determined 21.9 days (SD 9.3) after both the first and second dose. Functional variables were assessed using activities of daily living (Barthel Index), and frailty status was determined with the FRAIL instrument. Cognitive status and comorbidity were also evaluated. RESULTS: Mean age was 82.9 years (range 65-99), and 71.6% were female. The mean antibody titers in residents with and without previous COVID-19 infection were 49,878 AU/ml and 15,274 AU/ml, respectively (mean difference 34,604; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 27,699-41,509). No severe adverse reactions were observed, after either vaccine dose. Those with prevaccination COVID-19 had an increased antibody level after the vaccine (B = 31,337; 95% CI: 22,725-39,950; p < 0.001). Frailty, disability, older age, sex, cognitive impairment, or comorbidities were not associated with different antibody titers. CONCLUSIONS: The BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in older adults is safe and produces immunogenicity, independently of the frailty and disability profiles. Older adults in LTCFs should receive a COVID-19 vaccine.


Assuntos
Formação de Anticorpos , Vacinas contra COVID-19/imunologia , Vacinas contra COVID-19/uso terapêutico , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Pessoas com Deficiência , Idoso Fragilizado , Atividades Cotidianas , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Vacina BNT162 , Teste Sorológico para COVID-19 , Comorbidade , Feminino , Indicadores Básicos de Saúde , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Casas de Saúde , SARS-CoV-2 , Espanha
5.
J. negat. no posit. results ; 6(3): 588-607, Mar. 2021.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-222103

RESUMO

La hernia discal es el resultado de la degeneración del núcleo pulposo y del anillo fibroso del disco intervertebral, de modo que el primero sale por el anillo o incluso puede salir del espacio intervertebral, convirtiéndose en un fragmento libre en el interior del canal raquídeo.Se suele asociar a espondilosis, sobreesfuerzo físico o traumatismos (menores de repetición o mayor único). Son más frecuentes en edades media de la vida, teniendo un pico de incidencia sobre la cuarta década. La clínica se caracteriza por un comienzo con dolor lumbar paravertebral y dolor a la percusión de las apófisis espinosas, acompañado de contractura muscular paravertebral. En las hernias lumbares el dolor se suele irradiar a la extremidad inferior debido a la compresión de la raíz nerviosa.Se ha realizado un estudio sobre el tratamiento de las hernias discales, concretamente sobre la ozonoterapia, debido a que: La ozonoterapia como indicación para la hernia discal es un tratamiento de reciente aparición, con resultados muy discutibles y sin criterios consensuados para determinar su indicación como tratamiento.(AU)


The herniated disc is the result of the degeneration of the nucleus pulposus and the fibrous ring of the intervertebral disc, so that the former leaves the ring or can even leave the intervertebral space, becoming a free fragment inside the spinal canal.It is usually associated with spondylosis, physical overexertion or trauma (minor repetition or single major). They are more frequent in middle life ages, having a peak incidence over the fourth decade. The clinic is characterized by an onset with paravertebral low back pain and pain on percussion of the spinous processes, accompanied by paravertebral muscle contracture. In lumbar hernias, pain usually radiates to the lower limb due to compression of the nerve root.I have carried out a study on the treatment of herniated discs, specifically on ozone therapy, because: Ozone therapy as an indication for herniated disc is a recent treatment, with highly debatable results and without agreed criteria to determine its indication as a treatment.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Deslocamento do Disco Intervertebral/tratamento farmacológico , Deslocamento do Disco Intervertebral/terapia , Manejo da Dor
6.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 942020 Aug 13.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32963217

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Cardiovascular diseases is one of the most important health problems among population. Most preventable deaths which take place in a context different from the hospital are related to coronary heart diseases. Training the population in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) may well result in an increase in the survival rate before a cardiorespiratory arrest. METHODS: An observational study -both prospective and analytical- was conducted through a sample of students in the fourth year of compulsory secondary education. They were divided in two groups: a first group was trained with a theoretical-practical course on CPR, the second group only a theoretical course on CPR. Three surveys on CPR knowledge were conducted, the first one prior to a CPR course, the second one after the course and the third carried out two months after completing it. The results were compared between the three surveys to examine the degree of acquisition and maintenance of knowledge. RESULTS: 326 students, 213 theoretical-practical group and 113 theoretical group, whose average age was 15.6 years (DE=0.7, R 15-17) and 56% were girls. The average scores of the questionnaires were: 5.1 points (DE=1.8, R 0-10) on first exam, 8.2 points (DE=1.6, R 3-10) on second exam of the theoretical-practical group versus 7.7 points (DE=1.9, R 0-10) of the theoretical group, and 7.2 points (DE=3.8, R 1-10) on third exam. In the first exam, 5.2% of them knew the frequency of chest compressions and ventilations in CPR, improving to 68.1% in the second questionnaire of the theoretical-practical group, and a 79.6% of the theoretical group. CONCLUSIONS: Increased knowledge in cardiopulmonary resuscitation reflect in an increase of 3.1 points of average after the theoretical-practical sessions and in 2.1 points two months later. The theoretical-practical group obtain a better score in the post-course exam (8.2 points) compared to the theoretical group (7.7 points).


OBJETIVO: Las enfermedades cardiovasculares constituyen uno de los problemas de salud más importantes para la población. La mayoría de las muertes evitables se deben a enfermedades coronarias en el medio extrahospitalario. Formar a la población sobre la reanimación cardiopulmonar (RCP) supone un aumento de la tasa de supervivencia ante una parada cardiorrespiratoria. METODOS: Se realizó un estudio observacional, prospectivo y analítico, en una muestra de alumnos de cuarto curso de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria a los que se dividió en dos grupos. A un primer grupo se les realizó un curso teórico-práctico sobre RCP; al segundo grupo, un curso solo teórico de RCP. Se realizaron tres cuestionarios sobre conocimiento de RCP: el primero, previo al curso; el segundo, tras el curso; y el tercero, a los dos meses de finalizar el curso. Se compararon los resultados entre los cuestionarios para analizar el grado de adquisición y mantenimiento de conocimientos. RESULTADOS: Se seleccionó una muestra de 326 alumnos, 213 en el grupo teórico-práctico y 113 en el teórico. La edad media fue de 15,6 años (DE=0,7, R 15-17) y el 56% eran niñas. La puntuación media de los cuestionarios fue: primer cuestionario, 5,1 puntos (DE=1,8, R 0-10); segundo cuestionario, en el grupo teórico-práctico 8,2 puntos (DE=1,6, R 3-10) frente al grupo teórico con 7,7 puntos (DE=1,9, R 0-10); y tercer cuestionario, 7,2 puntos (DE=1,8, R 1-10). En el primer cuestionario, un 5,2% conocían la frecuencia de las compresiones torácicas y ventilaciones en la RCP, mejorando al 68,1% en el segundo cuestionario en el grupo teórico-práctico, y un 79,6% en el grupo teórico. CONCLUSIONES: Tras el curso teórico-práctico sobre RCP, aumenta en 3,1 puntos la nota media en los cuestionarios de conocimientos en RCP, y en 2,1 puntos tras dos meses de la realización del curso. El grupo teórico-práctico obtiene una puntuación mejor en la encuesta poscurso (8,2 puntos) respecto al grupo teórico (7,7 puntos).


Assuntos
Reanimação Cardiopulmonar/educação , Aprendizagem , Instituições Acadêmicas , Adolescente , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Estudos Prospectivos , Espanha , Estudantes , Inquéritos e Questionários
7.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 942020 Sep 21.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32952150

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: There are different scales in Spanish for cognitive and behavioral assessment of patients with severe dementia. The objective of this study was to select those scales that are more accessible, useful and with better psychometric properties, both for clinical practice and for research. METHODS: Literature review, by experts in the field, of scales of cognitive and behavioral assessment in dementia in the main scientific databases. Published in Spanish or English, excluding those not validated in Spanish. RESULTS: 11 bibliographical references were selected. Cognitive scales: Severe Impairment Battery was the one with the most cognitive areas, its abbreviated version (SIB-s) had the best internal consistency (α=0.96), Baylor Profound Mental Status Examination had very good psychometric properties with 0.99 reliability and excellent concurrent validity with Mini-Mental State Examination (r=-0.91). Severe Cognitive Impairment Profile was the only one that allowed establishing subgroups of cognitive impairment. Behavioral scales: Neuropsychiatric Inventory was the gold standard in dementias, but there was only one specific scale for severe Alzheimer's disease, the Baylor Profound Mental Status Examination behavioral subscale. CONCLUSIONS: In Spanish severe dementia, Severe Cognitive Impairment Profile and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory are the gold standard tool for cognitive assessment for research studies, and the Baylor Profound Mental Status Examination is the most useful for daily clinical practice.


OBJETIVO: Existen diferentes escalas en español para la valoración cognitiva y conductual de los pacientes con demencia severa. El objetivo de este estudio fue seleccionar aquellas escalas más accesibles, útiles y con mejores propiedades psicométricas, tanto para la práctica clínica como para fines investigadores. METODOS: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica, por expertos en la materia, de escalas de valoración cognitiva y conductual sobre demencia en las principales bases de datos científicas. Debían estar publicadas en español o inglés, excluyendo aquellas no validadas al español. RESULTADOS: Se seleccionaron 11 referencias bibliográficas. En cuanto a escalas cognitivas: la Severe Impairment Battery era la que más áreas cognitivas en-globaba; su versión abreviada (SIB-s) presentaba la mejor consistencia interna (α=0,96); el Baylor Profound Mental Status Examination presentaba muy buenas propiedades psicométricas, con fiabilidad 0,99 y excelente validez concurrente con el Mini-Mental State Examination (r=-0,91); el Severe Cognitive Impairment Profile era la única que permitía establecer subgrupos de deterioro cognitivo. En cuanto a escalas conductuales: el Neuropsychiatric Inventory era el gold standard en demencias. Solo había una escala específica para la enfermedad de Alzheimer, el Baylor Profound Mental Status Examination subescala conductual. CONCLUSIONES: En demencias severas, el Severe Cognitive Impairment Profile y el Neuropsychiatric Inventory son las herramientas más completas para estudios de investigación, y el Baylor Profound Mental Status Examination la más útil para la práctica clínica.


Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer/diagnóstico , Transtornos Cognitivos/diagnóstico , Cognição , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Psicometria/métodos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Testes de Estado Mental e Demência , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Espanha
8.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 94: 0-0, 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-200000

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Existen diferentes escalas en español para la valoración cognitiva y conductual de los pacientes con demencia severa. El objetivo de este estudio fue seleccionar aquellas escalas más accesibles, útiles y con mejores propiedades psicométricas, tanto para la práctica clínica como para fines investigadores. MÉTODOS: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica, por expertos en la materia, de escalas de valoración cognitiva y conductual sobre demencia en las principales bases de datos científicas. Debían estar publicadas en español o inglés, excluyendo aquellas no validadas al español. RESULTADOS: Se seleccionaron 11 referencias bibliográficas. En cuanto a escalas cognitivas: la Severe Impairment Battery era la que más áreas cognitivas englobaba; su versión abreviada (SIB-s) presentaba la mejor consistencia interna (α=0,96); el Baylor Profound Mental Status Examination presentaba muy buenas propiedades psicométricas, con fiabilidad 0,99 y excelente validez concurrente con el Mini-Mental State Examination (r=-0,91); el Severe Cognitive Impairment Profile era la única que permitía establecer subgrupos de deterioro cognitivo. En cuanto a escalas conductuales: el Neuropsychiatric Inventory era el gold standard en demencias. Solo había una escala específica para la enfermedad de Alzheimer, el Baylor Profound Mental Status Examination subescala conductual. CONCLUSIONES: En demencias severas, el Severe Cognitive Impairment Profile y el Neuropsychiatric Inventory son las herramientas más completas para estudios de investigación, y el Baylor Profound Mental Status Examination la más útil para la práctica clínica


BACKGROUND: There are different scales in Spanish for cognitive and behavioral assessment of patients with severe dementia. The objective of this study was to select those scales that are more accessible, useful and with better psychometric properties, both for clinical practice and for research. METHODS: Literature review, by experts in the field, of scales of cognitive and behavioral assessment in dementia in the main scientific databases. Published in Spanish or English, excluding those not validated in Spanish. RESULTS: 11 bibliographical references were selected. Cognitive scales: Severe Impairment Battery was the one with the most cognitive areas, its abbreviated version (SIB-s) had the best internal consistency (α=0.96), Baylor Profound Mental Status Examination had very good psychometric properties with 0.99 reliability and excellent concurrent validity with Mini-Mental State Examination (r=-0.91). Severe Cognitive Impairment Profile was the only one that allowed establishing subgroups of cognitive impairment. Behavioral scales: Neuropsychiatric Inventory was the gold standard in dementias, but there was only one specific scale for severe Alzheimer's disease, the Baylor Profound Mental Status Examination behavioral subscale. CONCLUSIONS: In Spanish severe dementia, Severe Cognitive Impairment Profile and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory are the gold standard tool for cognitive assessment for research studies, and the Baylor Profound Mental Status Examination is the most useful for daily clinical practice


Assuntos
Humanos , Demência/diagnóstico , Doença de Alzheimer/diagnóstico , Testes de Estado Mental e Demência , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Disfunção Cognitiva/diagnóstico , Transtorno da Conduta/diagnóstico , Demência Vascular/diagnóstico , Demência/classificação , Envelhecimento Cognitivo
9.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 94: 0-0, 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-196091

RESUMO

FUNDAMENTOS: Las enfermedades cardiovasculares constituyen uno de los problemas de salud más importantes para la población. La mayoría de las muertes evitables se deben a enfermedades coronarias en el medio extrahospitalario. Formar a la población sobre la reanimación cardiopulmonar (RCP) supone un aumento de la tasa de supervivencia ante una parada cardiorrespiratoria. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio observacional, prospectivo y analítico, en una muestra de alumnos de cuarto curso de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria a los que se dividió en dos grupos. A un primer grupo se les realizó un curso teórico-práctico sobre RCP; al segundo grupo, un curso solo teórico de RCP. Se realizaron tres cuestionarios sobre conocimiento de RCP: el primero, previo al curso; el segundo, tras el curso; y el tercero, a los dos meses de finalizar el curso. Se compararon los resultados entre los cuestionarios para analizar el grado de adquisición y mantenimiento de conocimientos. RESULTADOS: Se seleccionó una muestra de 326 alumnos, 213 en el grupo teórico-práctico y 113 en el teórico. La edad media fue de 15,6 años (DE=0,7, R 15-17) y el 56% eran niñas. La puntuación media de los cuestionarios fue: primer cuestionario, 5,1 puntos (DE=1,8, R 0-10); segundo cuestionario, en el grupo teórico-práctico 8,2 puntos (DE=1,6, R 3-10) frente al grupo teórico con 7,7 puntos (DE=1,9, R 0-10); y tercer cuestionario, 7,2 puntos (DE=1,8, R 1-10). En el primer cuestionario, un 5,2% conocían la frecuencia de las compresiones torácicas y ventilaciones en la RCP, mejorando al 68,1% en el segundo cuestionario en el grupo teóricopráctico, y un 79,6% en el grupo teórico. CONCLUSIONES: Tras el curso teórico-práctico sobre RCP, aumenta en 3,1 puntos la nota media en los cuestionarios de conocimientos en RCP, y en 2,1 puntos tras dos meses de la realización del curso. El grupo teórico-práctico obtiene una puntuación mejor en la encuesta poscurso (8,2 puntos) respecto al grupo teórico (7,7 puntos)


BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases is one of the most important health problems among population. Most preventable deaths which take place in a context different from the hospital are related to coronary heart diseases. Training the population in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) may well result in an increase in the survival rate before a cardiorespiratory arrest. METHODS: An observational study - both prospective and analytical - was conducted through a sample of students in the fourth year of compulsory secondary education. They were divided in two groups: a first group was trained with a theoretical-practical course on CPR, the second group only a theoretical course on CPR. Three surveys on CPR knowledge were conducted, the first one prior to a CPR course, the second one after the course and the third carried out two months after completing it. The results were compared between the three surveys to examine the degree of acquisition and maintenance of knowledge. RESULTS: 326 students, 213 theoretical-practical group and 113 theoretical group, whose average age was 15.6 years (DE=0.7, R 15-17) and 56% were girls. The average scores of the questionnaires were: 5.1 points (DE=1.8, R 0-10) on first exam, 8.2 points (DE=1.6, R 3-10) on second exam of the theoretical-practical group versus 7.7 points (DE=1.9, R 0-10) of the theoretical group, and 7.2 points (DE=3.8, R 1-10) on third exam. In the first exam, 5.2% of them knew the frequency of chest compressions and ventilations in CPR, improving to 68.1% in the second questionnaire of the theoretical-practical group, and a 79.6% of the theoretical group. CONCLUSIONS: Increased knowledge in cardiopulmonary resuscitation reflect in an increase of 3.1 points of average after the theoretical-practical sessions and in 2.1 points two months later. The theoretical-practical group obtain a better score in the post-course exam (8.2 points) compared to the theoretical group (7.7 points)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Reanimação Cardiopulmonar/educação , Parada Cardíaca/reabilitação , Logro , Educação em Saúde/tendências , Ensino Fundamental e Médio , Resultado do Tratamento , Estudos Prospectivos , Sucesso Acadêmico
10.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 922018 Nov 02.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30394367

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The Comprehensive Care Home Unit of the General Hospital of Villarrobledo is a unit formed by a geriatrician who sees people in nursing homes to improve their quality of care. The activity of the Unit has been analyzed, mainly with the objective of avoiding referral to the emergency room, avoiding hospital admissions, avoiding hospital readmissions and reducing the number of hospital admission days. METHODS: We retrospectively described the clinical activity of the Unit during the influenza outbreak of 2017 and 2018. We selected sociodemographical variables, functional assessment scales (Katz index, Barthel index and the Functional Ambulation Classification), and the Global Deterioration Scale. We registered mortality, type of treatment, oncological patients and patients with supplementary tests. The population was divided into four subgroups: hospital admission avoided, hospital re-admission avoided, referral to the emergency department avoided and reduction of admission days. The demographic characteristics were described, including the mode or mean of the variables. An economic report was made, and an analysis of cost per process according to the subgroups, means of Related Groups for the Diagnosis and degree of dependency measured by the Barthel index. RESULTS: We selected 112 patients, they had a mean age of 82.2 years, Katz G (34.8%), IB 28.8 (DE 34.9), FAC 0 (63.4%) and GDS 7 (22.3%). The most frequent disease seen was respiratory infection (63.2%), 71.4% received active treatment, 10.7% complementary tests were performed, 17.9% oncological and 17% mortality. Cost analysis: hospital readmission avoided (€ 4,128 per patient) and patients with total disability (BI 0-20, € 3,623 per patient) presented more economic saving. The economic savings were more than € 230,000. CONCLUSIONS: The contribution of the Unit during periods of influenza outbreak is cost saving because of reduced numbers of admissions, numbers of readmissions, days of admission and emergency room visits.


OBJETIVO: La Unidad Domiciliaria de Atención Integral (UDAI) del Hospital General de Villarrobledo está formada por un geriatra que atiende a las personas institucionalizadas para mejorar su calidad asistencial. Se analizó la actividad de la UDAI, principalmente en el objetivo de evitar ingresos y reingresos hospitalarios, evitar visitas a urgencias y facilitar el alta hospitalaria prematura. METODOS: Describimos de forma retrospectiva la actividad de la UDAI durante los brotes de gripe del 2017 y 2018. Aportamos variables sociodemográficas, escalas de valoración funcional (índice de Katz, índice de Barthel y la Escala de Valoración Funcional de la Marcha), y la Escala de Deterioro Global. Registramos mortalidad, tipo de tratamiento, pacientes oncológicos y pruebas complementarias. Se dividió la población en cuatro subgrupos: ingreso hospitalario evitado, reingreso hospitalario evitado, derivación a urgencias evitada y reducción días de ingreso. Se describieron las características demográficas, incluido la moda o media de las variables. Se realizó una memoria económica, y un análisis de coste por proceso según los subgrupos, medias de Grupos Relacionados por el Diagnóstico y grado de dependencia medido por el Índice de Barthel. RESULTADOS: Se seleccionaron 112 pacientes, presentaban una edad media de 82,2 años, Katz G (34,8%), IB 28,8 (DE 34,9), FAC 0 (63,4%) y GDS 7 (22,3%). La enfermedad más frecuente fue la infección respiratoria (63,4%), recibieron tratamiento activo un 71,4%, se realizaron pruebas complementarias en un 10,7%, oncológico 17,9% y exitus 17%. Análisis de costes: el reingreso hospitalario evitado (4.128 € por paciente) y los pacientes con discapacidad total (IB 0 ­ 20, 3.623 € por paciente) presentaron un mayor ahorro de costes. El ahorro económico fue de más de 230.000€. CONCLUSIONES: La contribución de la UDAI durante los periodos de brote de gripe supone un ahorro de costes basado en disminuciones de hospitalizaciones, disminución de reingresos, acortamiento de estancias hospitalarias y reducción de derivaciones a urgencias.


Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças/economia , Hospitalização/economia , Influenza Humana/economia , Influenza Humana/terapia , Casas de Saúde , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Feminino , Geriatria/economia , Recursos em Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Admissão do Paciente , Readmissão do Paciente , Estudos Retrospectivos , Espanha
11.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 92: 0-0, 2018. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-177564

RESUMO

Fundamentos: La Unidad Domiciliaria de Atención Integral (UDAI) del Hospital General de Villarrobledo está formada por un geriatra que atiende a las personas institucionalizadas para mejorar su calidad asistencial. Se analizó la actividad de la UDAI, principalmente en el objetivo de evitar ingresos y reingresos hospitalarios, evitar visitas a urgencias y facilitar el alta hospitalaria prematura. Métodos: Describimos de forma retrospectiva la actividad de la UDAI durante los brotes de gripe del 2017 y 2018. Aportamos variables sociodemográficas, escalas de valoración funcional (índice de Katz, índice de Barthel y la Escala de Valoración Funcional de la Marcha), y la Escala de Deterioro Global. Registramos mortalidad, tipo de tratamiento, pacientes oncológicos y pruebas complementarias. Se dividió la población en cuatro subgrupos: ingreso hospitalario evitado, reingreso hospitalario evitado, derivación a urgencias evitada y reducción días de ingreso. Se describieron las características demográficas, incluido la moda o media de las variables. Se realizó una memoria económica, y un análisis de coste por proceso según los subgrupos, medias de Grupos Relacionados por el Diagnóstico y grado de dependencia medido por el Índice de Barthel. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 112 pacientes, presentaban una edad media de 82,2 años, Katz G (34,8%), IB 28,8 (DE 34,9), FAC 0 (63,4%) y GDS 7 (22,3%). La enfermedad más frecuente fue la infección respiratoria (63,4%), recibieron tratamiento activo un 71,4%, se realizaron pruebas complementarias en un 10,7%, oncológico 17,9% y exitus 17%. Análisis de costes: el reingreso hospitalario evitado (4.128 Euros por paciente) y los pacientes con discapacidad total (IB 0 - 20, 3.623 Euros por paciente) presentaron un mayor ahorro de costes. El ahorro económico fue de más de 230.000 Euros. Conclusiones: La contribución de la UDAI durante los periodos de brote de gripe supone un ahorro de costes basado en disminuciones de hospitalizaciones, disminución de reingresos, acortamiento de estancias hospitalarias y reducción de derivaciones a urgencias


Background: The Comprehensive Care Home Unit of the General Hospital of Villarrobledo is a unit formed by a geriatrician who sees people in nursing homes to improve their quality of care. The activity of the Unit has been analyzed, mainly with the objective of avoiding referral to the emergency room, avoiding hospital admissions, avoiding hospital readmissions and reducing the number of hospital admission days. Methods: We retrospectively described the clinical activity of the Unit during the influenza outbreak of 2017 and 2018. We selected sociodemographical variables, functional assessment scales (Katz index, Barthel index and the Functional Ambulation Classification), and the Global Deterioration Scale. We registered mortality, type of treatment, oncological patients and patients with supplementary tests. The population was divided into four subgroups: hospital admission avoided, hospital re-admission avoided, referral to the emergency department avoided and reduction of admission days. The demographic characteristics were described, including the mode or mean of the variables. An economic report was made, and an analysis of cost per process according to the subgroups, means of Related Groups for the Diagnosis and degree of dependency measured by the Barthel index. Results: We selected 112 patients, they had a mean age of 82.2 years, Katz G (34.8%), IB 28.8 (DE 34.9), FAC 0 (63.4%) and GDS 7 (22.3%). The most frequent disease seen was respiratory infection (63.2%), 71.4% received active treatment, 10.7% complementary tests were performed, 17.9% oncological and 17% mortality. Cost analysis: hospital readmission avoided (Euros 4,128 per patient) and patients with total disability (BI 0-20, Euros 3,623 per patient) presented more economic saving. The economic savings were more than Euros 230,000. Conclusions: The contribution of the Unit during periods of influenza outbreak is cost saving because of reduced numbers of admissions, numbers of readmissions, days of admission and emergency room visits


Assuntos
Humanos , Serviços Hospitalares de Assistência Domiciliar/organização & administração , Assistência Integral à Saúde/organização & administração , Vacinas contra Influenza/administração & dosagem , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Readmissão do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Encaminhamento e Consulta/estatística & dados numéricos , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis/organização & administração , Estudos Retrospectivos , Surtos de Doenças/estatística & dados numéricos
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